[1] G Nagtzaam, E Van Hook and D Guilfoyle, International Environmental Law: A Case Study Analysis (Routledge 2020) 575; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), ‘Environmental Rule of Law: First Global Report’ (UNEP 2019) 27.
[2] To name just a few: KN Scott, ‘International Environmental Governance: Managing Fragmentation through Institutional Connection’ (2011) 12 Melbourne Journal of International Law 177 (advocating institutional cooperation and integration); CP Carlarne, ‘Good Climate Governance: Only a Fragmented System of International Law Away?’ (2008) 30 Law & Policy 450 (supporting the creation of an International Environmental Organization); RE Kim and K Bosselmann, ‘International Environmental Law in the Anthropocene: Towards a Purposive System of Multilateral Environmental Agreements’ (2013) 2 Transnational Environmental Law 285 (making the case for recognizing a ‘Grundnorm’, an overarching goal that binds the actions of international environmental actors and institutions).
[3] See J Juste Ruiz, ‘The Process towards a Global Pact for the Environment at the United Nations: From Legal Ambition to Political Dilution’ (2020) 29 Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law 479.
[4] See ME Kahn, ‘Environmental disasters as risk regulation catalysts? The role of Bhopal, Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez, Love Canal, and Three Mile Island in shaping U.S. environmental law’ (2007) 35 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty volume 17; S Gagliarducci, MD Paserman and E Patacchini, ‘Hurricanes, Climate Change Policies and Electoral Accountability’ (2019) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series 25835; S Wilkinsona, JO Bamidele Rotimib and S Mannakarra, ‘Legislation Changes Following Earthquake Disasters’ in M Beer et al (eds), Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering (Springer, 2015).
[5] M Baldassare and C Katz, ‘The Personal Threat of Environmental Problems as Predictor of Environmental Practices’ (1992) 24 Environment and Behavior 602; see also PD Almeida, ‘The Role of Threat in Collective Action’ in D Snow et al (eds), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (2nd edn, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2019) 43.
[6] This conclusion is not universally accepted, and there are also other hypothesises, for instance that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 escaped from a lab in China, that could not be ruled out so far; see A Maxmen and S Mallapaty, ‘The COVID Lab-Leak hypothesis: What Scientists Do and Don’t Know’ (2021) 594 Nature 313.
[7] WHO, ‘WHO Manifesto for a Healthy Recovery from COVID-19’ (26 May 2020) <https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-manifesto-for-a-healthy-recovery-from-covid-19>.
[8] E.g., ME El Zowalaty and JD Järhult, ‘From SARS to COVID-19: A Previously Unknown SARS-Related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of Pandemic Potential Infecting Humans – Call for a One Health approach’ (2020) 9 One Health 100124; T Ahmad and J Hui, ‘One Health Approach and Coronavirus Disease 2019’ (2020) 16 Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 931.
[9] The law had a broad approval by the parliament and government, but the majority of the population rejected it on 13 June 2021, mainly due to economic concerns that were raised in the run-up to the vote.